Dynamo-electric machine control system



P 1937. A. B. RYPINSKI 2,093,369

DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINE CONTROL SYSTEM Filed NOV. 24, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet l B INVENTOR.

Sept. 14, 1937. A. a. RYPINSKI DYNAMO-E LECTRIC MACHINE CONTROL SYSTEM 2 Sheets-Sheef 2 Filed NOV. 24, 1933 INVENTOR. Mime/1? BY ATTORNEY Patented Sept. 14, 1 937 PATENT OFFICE DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINE CONTROL SYSTEM 7 Albert B. Rypinski, Laurelton, Long Island, N. Y.

Application November 24, 1933, Serial No. 699,618

12 Claims.

My invention relates broadly to slow electromagnets and more particularly to motor control systems employing slow electromagnets, slow reactors, and slow transformers as a part of the structure of dynamo-electric machines for controlling the magnetic fields thereof.

This application is a continuation-in-part of my application, Serial No. 416,877, filed December 27., 1929, patented June 1, 1937, No. 2,082,121, for Slow electromagnet.

Wherever the expression dynamo-electric machine is used herein, it is to be understood as embracing motors and generators, alternating and direct current and any combination of motor and generator such as a rotary converter, frequency changer; in general, any electrical devices having rotating parts. a An object of my invention is toproduce dynamoelectric machines whose magnetic characteristics vary over a time period due to the inclusion in their structure and circuits of one or more slow electromagnets, slow reactors, or slow transformers.

Another object of my invention is to produce dynamo-electric machines whose resistance characteristics vary over a time period due to the inclusion in their structure and circuits of one or more slow electromagnets, slow reactors, or slow transformers.

Still another object of my invention is to produce dynamo-electric machines whose impedance characteristics vary over a time period due to the inclusion in their structure of one or more slow electromagnets, slow reactors, or slow transformers.

A further object of my invention is to produce dynamo-electric machines whose power factor characteristics vary over a time period due to the inclusion in their structure of one or more slow electromagnets, slow reactors, or slow transformers.

Another object of my invention is to produce a motor whose starting current or torque or both, are affected over a time period by the operation of one or more slow electromagnets included in the structure of the motor. Still another object of my invention is to produce a slow speed or intermittent motor which rotates by means of magnetism set up by a series of slow electromagnets on its stator or rotor, the electromagnets being successively energized and deenergizedas the motor rotates to permit alternate heating and cooling of their windings.

A still further object of my invention is to produce a slow speed or intermittent motor which rotates by means of magnetism set up by a series of slow electromagnets on its rotating armature, the electromagnets alternately receiving a heavy and a light current to alternately heat and cool their windings.

Other and further objects of my invention reside in the circuits and devices more fully described in the following specification by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 illustrates the magnetism or flux control system of my invention employed as the field of a generator or motor for controlling its operation; Fig. 2 is a diagram of a circuit arrangement for the stator of a dynamo-electric machine employing a modification of the flux control system of my invention; Fig. 3 is a diagram of a circuit arrangement for an induction motor embodying the principles of my invention; Figs. 4 and 5 are diagrammatic sketches showing alternate arrangements of slow motors utilizing the magnetism control system of my invention; Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic sketch of a circuit arrangement of a reciprocating motor employing the magnetism or fiux control system of my invention; and Fig. 7 shows a further modified form of circuit embodying my invention.

The general method of operation of my slow electromagnet, slow reactor and slow transformer is fully explained in my application Serial No. 416,877, filed December 27, 1929. As illustrated therein, my slow electromagnet produces changes in magnetism with time to mechanically attract or repel magnetic material. My slow reactor, by reason of the changes in magnetism in its core with time, may be used to alter the impedance or power factor of any circuit in which it is connected. My slow transformer may be used to vary the voltage of a circuit over a time period. All of these effects are produced by utilizing a pair of magnetically coupled windings where ordinarily a single winding is employed, and connecting the two in parallel and in opposition, so that the resultant magnetic effect is determined by the excess of ampere turns of one as against the other. The windings are formed of, or have in series with them, resistors of materials having different temperature coefficients of resistance so that their resistances or the resistances in series are affected disproportionately by changes in temperature. Change in temperature, therefore, upsets the current division to the parallel paths, changesthe net ampere turns and the magnetism of the coil.

The magnetism and its resultant efiects may be made to increase with temperature, decrease with temperature, or go through zero at an intermediate temperature by adjusting the relative resistance characteristics of the two windings.

Dynamo-electric machines function as motors, generators or combination machines through the medium of magnetism set up in cores and armatures of the stationary and rotating parts. Their characteristics as regards power factor, starting current, torque, inductive reactance, voltage regulation, armature reaction, speed and other factors, are largely determined by their magnetic characteristics.

Dynamo-electric machines employing the flux control system of my invention can have any of these characteristics altered over a period of time, which time period may be made long or short, depending on the change in temperature in the electromagnetic windings or in their series resistors. It is plain that this time period may be made a matter of split-seconds or hours within the control of the designer of the machine.

It is to be understood that a great'many uses for the magnetism control system of my invention are possible. The uses about to be described are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

Fig. 1 shows the application of the magnetism control system of my invention to motor or generator fields. A supply line, designated by reference character I, is connected to the field coils of a generator whose armature is shown at 2. On each of the coils 3, 4 and 5, a second winding 6, l and 3, respectively, is placed in parallel with, and magnetically opposed to the main coil. By proportioning the various factors involved, this combination will control the magnetism of the motor or generator in accordance with changes of temperature in the windings.

Fig. 2 illustrates a modification of the flux control system of my invention in which two similar coils, 3 and 6, are magnetically coupled in opposition and connected in parallel but with resistors, 9 and Ill, in series with each coil, respectively. These resistors are formed of materials having difierent temperature coefiicients of resistance, and as their temperature varies, due to passage of current, their resistances vary and alter the current distribution in the two coils. This arrangementv may be found advantageous in conversion of some existing machines into machines embodying the flux control system of my invention without complete rebuilding, as the different resistors can be outside the structure of the machine.

Fig. 3 shows the magnetism control system of my invention in an induction motor employing auxiliary slow electromagnet windings. ence character EE'designates the rotor of an induction motor and H one of a series of stator coils. An extra set of windings l2 are wound into the stator and may be open circuited with the switch M. If the motor operates well below saturation in its magnetic structure under running conditions, the auxiliary windings l2, when connected by closing switch M, will for a short period increase the flux threading winding 8 I and thus increase its impedance and reduce the starting inrush current. As the coils l2 heat, their magnetism decreases to zero. Meanwhile, the motor has accelerated to normal speed and the choking effect-of coils 12 is no longer required.

They are then disconnected by means of switch.

I4, cool off, and are ready for the next starting operation. Switch I 4 may be automatically op- Refererated by an inertia device, relay, or other convenient means.

Fig. 4 shows a motor employing the magnetism control system of my invention in the field thereof. A single coil IE on the rotating part is connected in series with the rotating arm 26 so that it is at all times energized by the current flowing to any winding such as 2! to which arm 26 may be connected. The segments ll, I8, 19, and 20, are stationary and connected, as shown, to respective coils 2 l 22, 23, and 24. The rotating contact arm 26 carries current from the segment it touches at the moment to a collector ring 2! which completes the circuit back to supply lines [5. When voltage is applied, one slow electromagnet field coil, such as 2|, is connected in the circuit. When cold, the coil 2| produces no magnetism, hence coil l6 has no flux with which to react and there is no tendency to rotate. As coil 2| heats sufficiently, magnetism is set up and the coil I6 is attracted or repelled, causing rotation. As arm 26 moves around, coil 21 is disconnected and the adjacent arm connected. This, in turn, heats, produces magnetism, and attracts or repels coil 16. Each additional coil is so connected in turn. In this Way, there is intermittent or slow rotation of coil I6. In effect, the successive energization of the slow electromagnetic devices sets up a slowly rotating magnetic field which the constantly energized winding l6 follows around by attraction or repulsion.

A simple means for producing practically the same result is that shown in Fig. 5. The rotating armature has three slow electromagnet coils 29 in series connected to commutator segments 3|], 3 I, and 32. The commutator rotates, and brushes 33 make contact with it. Two field coils 34 are connected in series with the armature in Fig. 5, but if the machine is shunt type, they may be connected across the line 28. There are always two parallel paths through the armature between the brushes 33. Since there are three coils and only two paths, there must be two coils in one path and one in the other at any instant. Since the paths are in parallel, one will draw more current than the other and the single slow electromagnet will heat faster. This will result in either the single coil or the two coils producing the greater magnetism, depending upon the electrical design, and the armature will turn about onethird revolution. The current conditions will change as soon as another commutator segment passes under one brush. This will put a cool coil in series with the hot coil and the other cool coil will be alone. The armature will slow down or stop until the single coil heats, when the cycle will repeat itself. It is plain that the device is not limited to three armature and two field coils but may be made to work with multiples of either to produce a multiplied torque or still slower speed of rotation.

The circuit shown in Fig. 6 comprises a conventional field coil structure shown at 36 and a special armature structure. The armature is composed of two slow electromagnetic windings, 3! and 38, each winding having two parallel paths designed to produce magnetic flux in opposition to each other, and variable with the temperature of the winding. This is obtained through the use of wires of different temperature coefficients in the two parallel paths of the winding. One terminal of each armature winding'is connected to a commutator segment of one quarter circumference in length, as shown at 39 and 40. The other terminals of the windings are connected in common to the half circumference segment shown at 4|. Brushes 42 and 43 are arranged in such a manner that brush 43 is constantly in contact with the half segment 4| and brush 42 is positioned to contact either quarter segment depending upon the position of the armature. In operation, the brush 42 contacts, say segment 40. Winding 38 is energized, sets up a magnetic flux within the time period of its design, and, due to the reaction of the magnetic fields, moves until brush 42 leaves segment 40 and contacts segment 39. Winding 31 is now energized and within its time period produces a magnetic field. The structure is so designed that this magnetic field reacts with the main field to produce motion in the direction opposite to that caused by winding 38. Brush 42 leaves segment 39 and again contacts segment 40 and the cycle is repeated. The speed of the cycle is dependent on the time periods of the windings. A balanced reciprocating motion may be effected or a slow pull and a quick return ratio, such as is used in milling machines, can be obtained without gears and levers. Fig. 7 shows a circuit arrangement for a dynamo-electric machine inwhich both the stationary magnetic structure and rotating magnetic structure are comprised by electromagnets each having two parallel connected inductively coupled and opposed windings. The operation is the same as described in connection with Fig. 5 except that the-time element is contributed partly by the sta tionary and partly by the rotating windings. The field coils 34a and 34b have been shown in Fig. 7 as constituted by coacting windings connected in parallel and inductively coupled in opposed relation thereto and connected with the line circuit 28.

If a slow electromagnet, slow reactor, or slow transformer has one of its opposed windings open circuited, it will then function as a conventional instantaneous type electromagnet, reactor, or transformer. For instance, in Fig. 1, if the windings 6, 1, and 8, were open circuited, the windings 3, 4, and 5 would then function as instantaneous electromagnets of the conventional type.

With any of the .modifications shown or with other modifications within the scope of this dis closure, I may provide switching or other means to open circuit or disconnect one of the windings of each pair, to convert from a slow to an instantaneous type coil at any stage in the operation of the dynamo-electric machine involved.

It is obvious that when the slow electric devices employed in the system of my invention are operating in balanced relation, that is, the flux produced by one winding is balanced by the fiux produced by the opposing winding, the power factor is unity. When operating in unbalanced relation, and some fiux is evident, the power factor is nearer unity than it would be for a single coil producing the same amount of flux due to the higher in-phase component.

Wherever in the claims I have referred to the "stator, I refer to stationary magnetic structure and wherever in the claims I refer to the rotor, I refer to rotating magnetic structure, and it is not my intention to place any limitations upon my invention by the terminology thus chosen.

While I have described my invention in certain of its preferred embodiments, I desire it to be understood that modifications thereof may be made and that no limitations are intended other than may be imposed by the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is as follows:

1. A dynamo-electric machine including as part of its rotating magnetic structure one or more electromagnetic devices, each electromagnetic device having two parallel connected inductively coupled and opposed windings subject to disproportionate changes in resistance with proportionate changes in their temperature, said changes in resistance producing changes in magnetism acting to alter the magnetic characteristics of said machine over a time period.

2. A dynamo-electric machine wherein one or more two-winding electromagnets are included in both the stationary magnetic structure and the rotating magnetic structure, each electromagnet having two parallel connected inductively coupled and opposed windings subject to disproportionate changes in resistance with proportionate changes in their temperature, said changes in resistance producing changes in magnetism acting to alter the magnetic characteristics of said machine over a time period.

3. In an electric motor, a power supply line, an armature, a magnetic field structure associated with said armature, field windings on said field structure connected to said power supply line, said field windings including a plurality of series connected units, each unit including a pair of coils inductively coupled in opposition one to the other and connected in parallel, the resistance of said coils changing disproportionately with temperature acting to alter the ratio of the currents in the parallel paths and to vary the resultant magnetism produced by the windings for controlling the field strength with respect to said armature.

4. In an electric dynamo, a power supply line, an armature, a magnetic field structure associated with said armature, windings on said field structure and connected to said power supply line, said field windings including a plurality of series connected units, each unit including a pair of coils inductively coupled in opposition one to the other and connected in parallel, the resistance of said coils changing disproportionately with temperature acting to alter the ratio of the currents in the parallel paths and to vary the resultant magnetism produced by the windings for controlling the field strength with respect to said armature.

5. In an electric motor, a power supply line, an armature, a magnetic field structure associated with said armature, windings on said field structure and connected to said power supply line, said field windings including a plurality of series connected units, each unit including a pair of coils inductively coupled in opposition one to the other and connected in parallel, said coils being formed of materials having different temperature coefficients of resistance and subject to changes in temperature for modifying the effective magnetic properties thereof and controlling the effective magnetic field of the windings on said field structure.

6. In a dynamo-electric machine, a rotary armature, a field circuit connected to a power supply source, said field circuit including a plurality of electromagnetic windings connected in series, each of said windings comprising a pair of inductively coupled and opposed coils connected in parallel one with respect to the other, said coils being subject to disproportionate changes in resistance with proportionate changes in temperature, said changes in resistance pro- 75 ducing changes in current and flux for regulating the field strength of said dynamo-electric machine with respect to said armature.

'7. An induction motor comprising a rotor, and a stator, .a stator circuit including a multiplicity of windings electrically connected in series, and sets of auxiliary windings individually inductively coupled with said stator windings, a circuit electrically connecting said sets of auxiliary windings in series, said last mentioned circuit being connected in parallel with said stator circuit, each of said sets of auxiliary windings being constituted by two parallel connected magnetically coupled and opposed coils, said coils being subject to disproportionate changes in resistance with proportionate changes in temperature, said changes in resistance producing changes in the magnetic properties of said stator circuit for correspondingly controlling the operation of said rotor.

8. An induction motor comprising a rotor, and a stator, a stator circuit including a multiplicity of windings electrically connected in series, and sets of auxiliary windings individually inductively coupled with said stator windings, a circuit electrically connecting said sets of auxiliary windings in series, said last mentioned circuit being connected in parallel with said stator circuit, each of said sets of auxiliary windings being constituted by two parallel connected magnetically coupled and opposed coils, said coils being formed of materials having diiTerent temperature coefiicients of resistance and subject to changes in temperature for modifying the effective magnetic properties thereof and controlling the effective magnetic field of the windings in said stator unit.

9. A slow speed electric motor including a field, a field circuit, an armature, an armature circuit, each of said circuits connected to a power supply, a plurality of electromagnetic elements disposed in series and supported on said armature, each element comprising two parallel connected inductively coupled and opposed windings subject to disproportionate changes in resistance with proportionate variations in their temperature, said changes in. resistance producing changes in magnetism over a predetermined time period, and mechanical means for successively altering the current in each element to vary its magnetic strength over said time period, for pro-. ducing correspondingly timed rotation of said armature.

10. A slow speed electric motor including a field, a field circuit, an armature, an armature circuit, each of said circuits connected to a power supply, a plurality of electromagnetic elements disposed in series and supported on said armature, each element comprising two parallel connected inductively coupled and opposed windings, said windings being formed of materials having different temperature coefficients of resistance and subject to changes in temperature for modifying the eifective magnetic properties thereof and controlling the effective magnetic field of .said electromagnetic elements on said armature.

11. A slow speed electric motor comprising a d field and field circuit, an armature and arma-i ture circuit, each connected to a supply source, an uneven plurality of electromagnetic elements disposed in series and. supported on said armature, each element including two parallel connected inductively coupled and opposed windings formed of materials having difierent temperature coefiicients of resistance constituting means for altering the magnetism of said windings with changes in their temperature, commutator and brush means associated with said armature elements arranged to increase the current in one set of armature elements and decrease the current in another set with rotation of said armature, said variation of current acting toincrease the magnetism produced by one set of elements and decrease that produced by the other over a predetermined time period for efiecting correspondingly timed rotation of said armature.

12. A dynamo-electric machine having a rotatable magnetic structure comprised by a slow electromagnetic device which includes two induc tively coupled and opposed windings formed of materials having diiTerent temperature coefiicients of resistance and connected in parallel one with respect to the other.

ALBERT B. RYPINSKI. 

